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EuroFerret
This is helpful in finding-out if a country has easy access to email and internet facilities and is aimed at general email and internet users. Countries which have access to Internet or general E-mail services. The country codes have been derived from the International Organization for Standardization standard ISO 3166. A country code is taken as a top level doMAIN once it is registered at rs.internic.net so *not* all country codes listed are top level doMAINs. At the bottom of the table, there is also a section of general top level doMAINs, based on the information available at rs.internic.net.
1. Description of codes:
- B stands for BITNET access although the address may be in internet DNS (DoMAIN Name System) format.
- * (Asterisk) means that the country is reachable by E-mail. If this is not preceded by FI or B, it means that the connection may be a UUCP connection. An asterisk is included after FI or B for consistency.
- PFI stands for a provisional full internet connection.(+)
- P stands for provisional connection. (+)
(+) This is used when one or more of the following is true:
- address not verified or lack of address
- UUCP dialup not active
- net connection possible but not officially announced
- premature official announcement of connection
- F stands for a country that is connected to Internet only via means of the FIDOnet network. It is assumed that the FIDO connection in this case is stable and reliable.
UUCP or X.400 connections. X.400 E-mail is usually charged to someone and if the telecommunication carrier cannot find someone to pay for the message transfer, it will reject it. As a result, those types of network have not been included in the list. Although a user may RECEIVE E-mail from a user on those networks, one may not be able to reply to it.
of those doMAINs have full internet access. For example, only a small proportion of .mil sites have full internet access. The same is true for .com sites, for example.
When looking for further information, it is worth looking at both UK and GB for United Kingdom.
Part of this site, the InterNIC database services, contains the Internet "white pages". The "whois" section of the "white pages" has registration records for top level doMAINs. "whois" can be accessed by connecting interactively (telnet rs.internic.net), or via gopher (gopher rs.internic.net) or using the "whois" command available on some computer systems (whois -h rs.internic.net).
Registration records for a doMAIN are sometimes useful since they provide Administrative and Technical Contacts for this doMAIN and those may hence be able to provide further information.
This is a gopher system run by ripe.net, the co-ordinator for European Internet nodes. It contains a lot of information regarding European IP, etc. It may be accessed either as "gopher gopher.ripe.net"
or "telnet gopher.ripe.net" and logging-in appropriately. It also has a "whois" database.
This is co-ordinated by Larry Press <lpress@dhvx20.csudh.edu> Archived documents are available by anonymous ftp from the directory global_net at dhvx20.csudh.edu (155.135.1.1). To conserve bandwidth, the archive contains an abstract of each document, as well as the full document. In addition to the archive, there is a moderated GNET discussion list.
To submit a document to the archive or subscribe to the moderated discussion list, use the address gnet_request@dhvx20.csudh.edu.
Bitnet LISTSERVs contain files which list all BITNET sites around the world. For a listing of all BITNET sites, in country code order, send a message to LISTSERV@Bitnic.educom.edu (or LISTSERV@BITNIC for BITNET folks), no subject, and the command: GET NODE INFO3 in the body of the message.
A very long file of information on all international BITNET sites can be ftp'ed from Bitnic.educom.edu and is called BITEARN.NODES. It is more than 2Mb long.
This gopher system, MAINtained by the Network Startup Resource Center and PSGnet/RAINet contains perhaps the most comprehensive collection of information about country connectivity. It may be accessed as "gopher gopher.psg.com". For the gopher client impaired, one can telnet to gopher.psg.com and login as gopher. An important feature is an E-mail interface to access the information in the gopher system. Send E-mail to: server@gopher.psg.com any subject, and in the body of the message: send country/<country-code>
# unix.hensa.ac.uk (129.12.21.7) directory: /pub/uunet/usenet/news.answers/mail
# grasp.insa-lyon.fr directory: /pub/faq/mail
and the command: get mail/country-codes in the body of your message.
them. It is therefore not advised to send an electronic mail to a remote node in such a country asking "how's the weather there". When it comes to money, people take things very seriously, especially since funds are scarce. It is a matter of net etiquette to keep this in mind. Junk mail sent to any node that has to pay a lot for its telephone connection will clearly be dealt with HARSHLY and evasive action may well be taken against those not respecting this notice.
AD Andorra
AE United Arab Emirates P Apparently dead ns.uu.net
AF Afghanistan
AG Antigua and Barbuda * upr1.upr.clu.edu
AI Anguilla
AL Albania P gwd2i.cnuce.cnr.it
AM Armenia Ex-USSR
AN Netherland Antilles
AO Angola * gopher gopher.psg.com
AQ Antarctica FI * luxor.cc.waikato.ac.nz
AR Argentina FI B * Uni. de Buenos Aires <info@dcfcen.edu.ar>
AS American Samoa
AT Austria FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
AU Australia FI * munnari.oz.au
AW Aruba
AZ Azerbaidjan Ex-USSR
BA Bosnia-Herzegovina Ex-Yugoslavia
BB Barbados * upr1.upr.clu.edu
BD Bangladesh
BE Belgium FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
BF Burkina Faso * gopher gopher.psg.com
BG Bulgaria FI B * Daniel Kalchev <daniel@digsys.bg>
BH Bahrain B * Gulfnet <postmaster@bhuob00.bitnet>
BI Burundi
BJ Benin
BM Bermuda * Tom Coelho <tom@bercol.dmc.com>
BN Brunei Darussalam
BO Bolivia * gopher gopher.psg.com
BR Brazil FI B * gopher gopher.psg.com
BS Bahamas * upr1.upr.clu.edu
BT Buthan
BV Bouvet Island
BW Botswana * gopher gopher.psg.com
BY Belarus * Ex-USSR
BZ Belize P upr1.upr.clu.edu
CA Canada FI B * relay.cdnnet.ca
CC Cocos (Keeling) Isl.
CF Cal African Rep.
CG Congo * gopher gopher.psg.com
CH Switzerland FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
CI Ivory Coast * gopher gopher.psg.com
CK Cook Islands
CL Chile FI B * gopher gopher.psg.com
dcc.uchile.cl
CM Cameroon FI * in .fr doMAIN gopher gopher.psg.com
CN China PFI * <postmaster@ica.beiking.canet.cn>
iraun1.ira.uka.de
CO Colombia B * gopher gopher.psg.com
cunixd.cc.columbia.edu
CR Costa Rica FI B * gopher gopher.psg.com
CS Czechoslovakia FI B * still works... gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet gopher.ripe.net
CU Cuba * gopher gopher.psg.com
CV Cape Verde
CX Christmas Island
CY Cyprus B * pythia.ics.forth.gr
CZ Czech Republic FI * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
DE Germany FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
gopher gopher.psg.com
DJ Djibouti
DK Denmark FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
DM Dominica * upr1.upr.clu.edu
DO Dominican Republic P upr1.upr.clu.edu
DZ Algeria * <mohand%casbah.uucp@relay.eu.net>
EC Ecuador FI B * gopher gopher.psg.com
EE Estonia FI * Juhan Poeldvere <juhan@chem.ut.ee>
EG Egypt FI B * gopher gopher.psg.com
EH Western Sahara
ES Spain FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
ET Ethiopia F gopher gopher.psg.com
FI Finland FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
FJ Fiji * <postmaster@usp.ac.fj>
FK Falkland Isl.(Malvinas)
FM Micronesia
FO Faroe Islands P danpost.uni-c.dk
FR France FI B * contact@fnet.fr
gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
gopher gopher.psg.com
FX France (European Ter.) ???
GA Gabon
GB Great Britain (UK) FI * X.400 & IP ns1.cs.ucl.ac.uk
GD Grenada P upr1.upr.clu.edu
GE Georgia * Ex-USSR ns.eu.net
GF Guyana (Fr.) * gopher gopher.psg.com
GH Ghana F gopher gopher.psg.com
GI Gibraltar
GL Greenland
GM Gambia F gopher gopher.psg.com
GN Guinea
GP Guadeloupe (Fr.) * gopher gopher.psg.com
GQ Equatorial Guinea
GR Greece FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
GT Guatemala * ns.uu.net
GU Guam (US) FI * uog2.uog.edu
GW Guinea Bissau
GY Guyana
HK Hong Kong FI B * hp9000.csc.cuhk.hk
HM Heard & McDonald Isl.
HN Honduras * ns.uu.net
HR Croatia FI * Ex-Yugo dns.srce.hr
HT Haiti P gopher gopher.psg.com
HU Hungary FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
gopher gopher.psg.com
ID Indonesia * gopher gopher.psg.com
ns.uu.net
IE Ireland FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
IL Israel FI B * relay.huji.ac.il
IN India FI B * gopher gopher.psg.com
sangam.ncst.ernet.in
IO British Indian O. Terr.
IQ Iraq
IR Iran B * Ali Shokoufandeh <ali@IREARN.BITNET>
Ebrahim Mashayekh <ebrahim@IREARN.BITNET>
Akbar Behzadi <akbar@IREARN.BITNET>
IS Iceland FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
IT Italy FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
JM Jamaica * gopher gopher.psg.com
JO Jordan
JP Japan FI B * gopher gopher.psg.com
jp-gate.wide.ad.jp
KE Kenya * gopher gopher.psg.com
KG Kirgistan Ex-USSR
KH Cambodia
KI Kiribati
KM Comoros
KN St.Kitts Nevis Anguilla P upr1.upr.clu.edu
KP Korea (North) P
KR Korea (South) FI B * ns.kaist.ac.kr
KW Kuwait FI * No BITNET dns.kuniv.edu.kw
KY Cayman Islands
KZ Kazachstan * Ex-USSR in .su doMAIN
LA Laos
LB Lebanon P gopher gopher.psg.com
LC Saint Lucia * upr1.upr.clu.edu
LI Liechtenstein PFI * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
LK Sri Lanka * Gihan Dias <gihan@cse.mrt.ac.lk>
LR Liberia
LS Lesotho * gopher gopher.psg.com
LT Lithuania PFI * Ex-USSR aun.uninett.no
LU Luxembourg FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
LV Latvia FI * Ex-USSR lapsene.mii.lu.lv
LY Libya
MA Morocco
MC Monaco
MD Moldavia Ex-USSR
MG Madagascar * gopher gopher.psg.com
MH Marshall Islands
ML Mali * gopher gopher.psg.com
MM Myanmar
MN Mongolia
MO Macau * hkuxb.hku.hk
MP Northern Mariana Isl.
MQ Martinique (Fr.)
MR Mauritania
MS Montserrat
MT Malta P ns.iunet.it
MU Mauritius P gopher gopher.psg.com
MV Maldives
MW Malawi
MX Mexico FI B * gopher gopher.psg.com
mtecv1.mty.itesm.mx
MY Malaysia FI B * mimos.my
MZ Mozambique * gopher gopher.psg.com
NA Namibia * gopher gopher.psg.com
NC New Caledonia (Fr.) * gopher gopher.psg.com
NE Niger * in .fr doMAIN gopher gopher.psg.com
NF Norfolk Island
NG Nigeria F gopher gopher.psg.com
NI Nicaragua * gopher gopher.psg.com
NL Netherlands FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
NO Norway FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
NP Nepal
NR Nauru
NT Neutral Zone
NU Niue
NZ New Zealand FI * truth.waikato.ac.nz
OM Oman
PA Panama B * gopher gopher.psg.com
PE Peru B * gopher gopher.psg.com
PF Polynesia (Fr.) * gopher gopher.psg.com
PG Papua New Guinea * munnari.oz.au
PH Philippines * ns.uu.net
PK Pakistan * Imran Anwar <imran@panix.com>
PL Poland FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
gopher gopher.psg.com
PM St. Pierre & Miquelon
PN Pitcairn
PR Puerto Rico (US) FI B * sun386-gauss.pr
PT Portugal FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet gopher.ripe.net
PW Palau
PY Paraguay * ns.uu.net
QA Qatar
RE Reunion (Fr.) FI * In .fr doMAIN inria.inria.fr
RO Romania FI B * roearn.ici.ac.ro
RU Russian Federation P Ex-USSR
RW Rwanda F gopher gopher.psg.com
SA Saudi Arabia B * GulfNet gopher gopher.psg.com
SB Solomon Islands
SC Seychelles * gopher gopher.psg.com
SD Sudan
SE Sweden FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
SG Singapore FI B * gopher gopher.psg.com
SH St. Helena
SI Slovenia FI * Ex-Yugos via .yu gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
SJ Svalbard & Jan Mayen Is
SK Slovak Republic FI * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
SL Sierra Leone
SM San Marino
SN Senegal * gopher gopher.psg.com
SO Somalia
SR Suriname * upr1.upr.clu.edu
ST St. Tome and Principe
SU Soviet Union FI B * Still used. <hostmaster@ussr.eu.net>
gopher gopher.psg.com
SV El Salvador gopher gopher.psg.com
SY Syria
SZ Swaziland * gopher gopher.psg.com
TC Turks & Caicos Islands
TD Chad
TF French Southern Terr.
TG Togo * gopher gopher.psg.com
TH Thailand FI * gopher gopher.psg.com
chulkn.chula.ac.th
TJ Tadjikistan Ex-USSR
TK Tokelau
TM Turkmenistan * Ex-USSR in .su doMAIN
TN Tunisia FI B * gopher gopher.psg.com
alyssa.rsinet.tn
TO Tonga
TP East Timor
TR Turkey FI B * gopher gopher.psg.com
knidos.cc.metu.edu.tr
TT Trinidad & Tobago P upr1.upr.clu.edu
TV Tuvalu
TW Taiwan FI B * gopher gopher.psg.com
TZ Tanzania F gopher gopher.psg.com
UA Ukraine FI * UA Network Enq. <doMAIN-master@cs.kiev.ua>
UG Uganda F gopher gopher.psg.com
UK United Kingdom FI B * ISO 3166 is GB telnet news.janet.ac.uk
gopher news.janet.ac.uk
UK Network Enq. <liaison@nsfnet-relay.ac.uk>
gopher gopher.psg.com
UM US Minor outlying Isl.
US United States FI * see note (4) venera.isi.edu
UY Uruguay B * gopher gopher.psg.com
UZ Uzbekistan Ex-USSR
VA Vatican City State
VC St.Vincent & Grenadines P upr1.upr.clu.edu
VE Venezuela FI * nisc.jvnc.net
VG Virgin Islands (British)
VI Virgin Islands (US) *
VN Vietnam *
VU Vanuatu * gopher gopher.psg.com
WF Wallis & Futuna Islands
WS Samoa
YE Yemen
YU Yugoslavia FI B * Bitnet is cut klepec.yunac.yu
ZA South Africa FI * gopher gopher.psg.com
ZM Zambia F gopher gopher.psg.com
ZR Zaire
ZW Zimbabwe * gopher gopher.psg.com
COM Commercial FI * telnet whois.internic.net
EDU Educational FI B * telnet whois.internic.net
GOV Government FI * telnet whois.internic.net
INT International field FI * used by Nato ns1.cs.ucl.ac.uk
MIL US Military FI * ns.nic.ddn.mil
NATO Nato field * soon to be deleted
NET Network FI * telnet whois.internic.net
ORG Non-Profit Organization